Mail Ships

Intermediate & Extra Ships

Cargo Ships

Coastal & Feeder Ships

Colliers

Small Craft

Formed in 1853 by Arthur Anderson as a steam collier company  named the Union Steam Shipping Co to bring coal from South Wales to Southampton for P & O.

It is a curious and happy coincidence that this name should have been chosen more than half a century before the Union of South Africa came into being.

The flleet consisted of five small ships ranging from 336 to 530 tons and it was intended that they should trade as coal carriers. The outbreak of war with Russia in the Crimea led to their ships being chartered by the British and French Governments. When the vessels were eventually returned to their owners the Directors decided to abandon the collier business to concentrate on carrying freight and at the end of 1856 the company was registered as The Union Steamship Co Ltd. From these small beginnings the Union-Castle Line developed to become one of the premier liner companies of the world.

Lindsay’s South African Line, which had carried mails between England and Cape Town failed in 1857 and in consequence the Union Line secured the new mail contract. The Union Line undertook, at an annual subsidy of  £33,000, to provide, for five years, monthly sailings between England and the Cape. The voyage had to be accomplished in forty-two days and the vessels employed were to be not less than 530 tons.

First Mail Sailing - RMS Dane left England on 15 September 1857, three days after the contract was signed, carrying six passengers and a small cargo. In her holds were the Cape Mails and the sailing of this little ship marked the entry of the Union Line among the world’s great ocean mail companies.

On 29 October Dane anchored in Table Bay  and began the Company’s close association with the people of South Africa, this association would last for a further 120 years. During this first voyage to the Cape and back Dane earned £892 in freight and £818 in passage money. Her coal consumption for the round voyage was 734 tons.

Gradually larger vessels took their place in the Mail Service and RMS Cambrian of 1860 was the first vessel to exceed 1,000 tons.

For many years the Mail Steamers turned round at Cape Town and passengers and cargo were carried on to the coast ports in smaller vessels.

Direct Mail Services were extended to Port Elizabeth in 1864, to East London in 1876 and to Durban in 1887.

1853          

South Wales ports to Southampton.

1856-7     

Southampton - Rio de Janeiro - Buenos Aires.

1857         

Birkenhead - South Coast of England ports - Hamburg.

Southampton - Plymouth - Cape Town / Simonstown - St.Helena - Ascension - Southampton.

1863          

Intercolonial: Cape Town - Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth) - Buffalo River (East London) - Port Natal.

1863-1900 Mail Service:

Southampton - Cape Town.

1863-1900 Intermediate Service:

Southampton - Plymouth - Cape Town - Port Elizabeth.

1864-1868 Eastern Mail:

Cape Town - Algoa Bay - Port Natal - Mauritius (thence via P&O Line Suez - UK)

1866-1868

Cape Town - Algoa Bay - Port Natal - Mauritius - Galle, Ceylon (thence via P&O Line to Far East or UK)

1868-1900

Cape Town - Algoa Bay - Port Natal - Mauritius.

1873-1900

Southampton - Port Elizabeth.

1873-1881

Cape Town - Zanzibar.

1873-1878

Cape Town - Port Nolloth.

1881-1900

Southampton - Antwerp(later) - Rotterdam - Hamburg.

1883-1884

Liverpool - Newport News - Baltimore.

1892-1900 Union-America Line (joint cargo service with Castle Line)

South Africa - USA.

Documents

Losses & War Time Service

Significant Persons

Masters

Deck Dept

Chief Engineers

Catering & Medical Depts

Engineering Dept

Commodore Masters

Funnel

1853 - 1900

Black except as below

1858 - 1872

Mail ships: Red with thicker than normal black top. Photographs have revealed that when a mail vessel was temporarily on the intermediate service the funnel remained red. The red disappeared with the advent of the Castle Line

1891 - 1893

Mail ships had a cream/yellow funnel

1893 - 1900

Yellow except on tugs

Hull

1853

Black with red boot topping and a thin white line around the hull

1858 - 1900

Intermediate and cargo ships: Black hull with green boot topping and a thin white band around the hull

1892 - 1900

Mail ships: White hull with red boot topping and a red band aound the hull

Superstructure

1853 - 1891

Black, dark brown deck houses, black lifeboat davits

1858 - 1872

Mail ships: White

1891 - 1893

Light fawn

1893 - 1900

White

Masts and derricks

1853

The first five ships: Black

1856 - 1891

Dark brown

1891 - 1900

Buff

1893 - 1900

Mail ships: The same yellow as the funnel

Lifeboats

1853 - 1893

Black

1858 - 1872

White but some were mahogany

1891

Mail ships: Mahogany except for Scot and they were initially black

1893 - 1900

White